Federal vs. State Policy Comparison - 1100 Words

Federal vs. State Policy Comparison (Essay Sample) Content: Federal vs. State Policy ComparisonName:Subject:Date of Submission IntroductionState and Federal criminal justice systems have one goal (to tackle crime), but they also have differences. This is highlighted by the fact that State and Federal agencies have different jurisdictional powers that provide checks and balances to ascertain effective performance in the system. The term criminal justice system could be elucidated as a collection of local, state, and federal public bureaus that handle issues related to crime. It is notable that the system has different aspects that facilitate its existence and operation. This owes to the reality that development and implementation of the criminal justice policy are some of the important aspects in the system. Clearly, it is crucial for scholars and practitioners in the legal profession to understand the similarities and differences in the criminal justice system of State and Federal agencies. Therefore, this paper compares and c ontrasts the development and implementation of criminal justice policy between the Federal and State governments.The Development of Criminal Justice Policy Federal and state criminal justice systems perform similar functions, which include punishing offenders, trying cases, and enforcing laws. However, the criminal justice systems in state and federal governments have similarities and differences. For instance, the state and federal criminal justice systems are similar because special bodies are tasked with the duty of enacting criminal laws. As an evidence of this, Dunn (2008, p: 138) argues that State Legislatures are responsible for developing state criminal justice policies while the congress has a duty of developing federal criminal justice policies. Nonetheless, 50 states exist in America. Therefore, there are fifty different agencies tasked with the responsibility of making state criminal justice policies while national criminal justice policies are made by the congress. Cons equently, federal criminal laws apply equally in all states while state criminal laws differ from one state to another. Implementing Criminal Justice PolicyAccording to Marion and Oliver (2006, n.p), law enforcement agencies, courts, and correctional institutions have a responsibility of implementing criminal justice policies in both State and Federal governments. It is imperative that the similarities and differences of these institutions will be discussed separately.Law EnforcementLaw enforcement agencies are the primary institutions that implement criminal and justice policies. This owes to the fact that the American government has approximately 17,000 public law enforcement agencies (Siegel and Bartollas, 2014 p: 298). These agencies comprise of both federal and state law enforcement agencies, which have similarities. For instance, both agencies have different subdivisions within them. This owes to the reality that the state police are divided into municipal policies, county pol ice, and local police. In contrast, federal criminal law is implemented by institutions such as the drug enforcement agency, the federal bureau of investigation, homeland security among others. It is critical that federal law enforcement agencies make up 70 of the public law enforcement agencies in America (Siegel and Bartollas, 2014, P: 298) while the rest of the 17,000 comprise of state public law agencies.The main difference between federal law enforcement agencies and state law enforcement agencies is that federal agencies operate nationally while state agencies operate within states. Therefore, federal employees can traverse across states when working while state police are limited to working within their states. Additionally, Siegel and Bartollas (2014: 299) argue that state agencies that enforce the law must maintain order and keep peace. Nonetheless, federal agencies can extend their duties beyond maintaining order and peacekeeping. For instance, some agencies are dedicated to improving the lives of American citizens by contributing to their wellbeing. Another difference between state and federal law enforcement is that some federal agencies have very few responsibilities. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court Police provide investigative and protective services for American Supreme Courts. In contrast, all states have tremendous duties.CourtsCourts are also involved in the implementation of federal and state criminal justice policies. As a result, both state and federal courts are divided into different sections. As an evidence of this, Baum (2013, p: 98) argues that state courts are divided into trial courts with general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate courts, and trial courts with limited jurisdiction. Analogously, federal courts are divided into district courts, supreme courts, special courts and the American circuit of courts of appeal. It follows that the existence of courts of appeal in both federal and state governments allows conflicting pa rties to appeal for higher courts to listen to their case. This is highlighted by the fact that courts of appeal hear appealed cases in the federal government while intermediate courts of appeal listen to appealed cases from state governments.Like law enforcement agencies, federal courts have national jurisdiction while state courts have state jurisdiction. It is also notable that Article III of the American constitution gives judicial power to the federal court system. It also empowers the congress with an ability to from lower federal courts. In contrast, state laws are responsible for the formation of state courts. Thus, different states form their courts based on the state judicial laws. According to Baum (2013, p: 98), another difference between federal and state courts is about the type of cases handled by federal and state courts. This is enhanced by the fact that federal courts handle matters such as bankruptcy and cases involving the government. In comparison, state courts handle cases such as family cases and traffic cases. Correctional InstitutionsPrisons and correction...

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Analysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle - 2028 Words

â€Å"I aimed for the public’s hearts, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.† This quote was in response to the reaction of Upton Sinclair’s ground breaking exposà ©, â€Å"The Jungle†. On February 26, 1906 Sinclair shocked the Nation by exposing the horrors of slaughter houses and meat packing plants. Thousands of people have died from food-borne illnesses. E-coli, along with other diseases resulting from filthy food processing was revealed as the murderer. As shocking as it might have been back then, it is even more alarming to find out that conditions have not improved in the last one hundred nine years. Food-borne illnesses are still an extremely common occurrence. People should not have to worry about whether their purchased food, food that was â€Å"approved† by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is safe to eat. Consumers shouldn’t have to worry about tainted or dirty meat. Cleaner meat packing facilities and stricter meat regulation on the part of the USDA should be a standard. Eating a burger should not have to be a life or death situation. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat will be shoveled into carts and the man who did the shoveling will not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one. (Sinclair â€Å"The Jungle†). When it comes to having safe and approved food, our esteemed nation does not have the greatest reputation. Ever since the use of slaughter houses and meat packing plants began, people have been getting severely ill and even dyingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle 811 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most famous muckrakers was Upton Sinclair. He was best known for publishing The Jungle which uncovered the atrocities of the meat packing industry. He was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Throughout his upbringing, he was able to experience the way both the poor and rich lived because of his parents and grandparents, respectiv ely. He later went on to study law at the university level but stopped in order to work on his writing. Upton Sinclair disguised himself and went undercoverRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1989 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Haitians. Upton Sinclair seemed to have a similar view of the Lithuanian immigrants of the 1800s. Upton Sinclair is the author of The Jungle, a book that follows a family of Lithuanian immigrants as they travel to and try to make their way in America. Sinclair used the book to speak out about the issues of America through the eyes of immigrants, including the economic system and the corruption within the government. The question this paper is required to answer is if Upton Sinclair adequately portrayedRead MoreThe Jungle : Social Criticism And Realism1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jungle, due to its strong social criticism and realism in portrayal of social issues evident in the given period of time, put Sinclair at the center of radical social movement that was held by its members to resist the acceleration of total capitalism in early 20th century in America, the period that was identified as the â€Å"Progressive Era.† The main purpose of those movements was aimed at bringing the awareness of public through literature about the dominance of political elites who gained aRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States3647 Words   |  15 Pagescapitalistic businesses of the time period. One muckraker, Upton Sinclair, proposed the solution of a socialist society for America in his book, The Jungle, in order to destroy the power given to large, private businesses. This essay will first provide background information about the corruption in America’s capitalist system, the concept of the American Dream, and Upton Sinclair. The essay will then provide a brief summary of Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, which was written to criticize the concept of theRead MoreJungle Paper, Social Justice4076 Words   |  17 PagesIMPRESSIONS OF THE JUNGLE FROM A SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE Impressions of the Jungle From a Social Justice Perspective The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Sherree Boyce Lehman College Author Note This paper was prepared for Social Welfare Institutions and Program, SWK, 639, Section 81, taught by Professor Yvonne Johnson The novel, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair depicts the lives of poor immigrants in the United States during the early 1900’s. Sinclair is extremely effectiveRead More Sinclair Lewis and Babbitt2178 Words   |  9 PagesSinclair Lewis and Babbitt      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book under analysis herein is Sinclair Lewis Babbitt.   The copy I am using in this research is published by Harcourt, Brace World, Inc., New York, 1950.   The original version was published in 1922, but there is no information in this book regarding what printing or edition it may be.   This edition encompasses thirty four chapters which span 401 pages in length as they are printed here.   One interesting note is that the novel is dedicated to Edith WhartonRead MoreImmigrant Worker Ethics Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesrecommendations of the HRW. I will provide my opinion and consider some of the utilitarian and deontological considerations, and conclude this report with a brief summary of the entire analysis, highlighting some of the most significant parts that the report contains HISTORY â€Å"In 1906, Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle uncovered harrowing conditions inside Americas meat packing plants and initiated a period of transformation in the nations meat industry. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the FederalRead MoreThe Period Between Reconstruction And World War I1811 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans to be an American and the dynamic between the American individual and American society. The differing answers to these questions created both divisions and unifications between different races, classes, and political parties. Through careful analysis of historical documents from the period, it is evident that society owes all individuals basic civil rights and the ability to make a living through harnessing their skills in the workplace. Conversely, the individual owes society work that benefitsRead MoreEssay about Negative Stereotypes of Vegetarianism2617 Words   |  11 Pagesof time it was considered a staple for some. However, meat eaters started to pay attention t o what they were consuming once Upton Sinclair’s famous novel The Jungle was published in the early 1930’s. It drew so much attention that the Pure Food and Drug Act passed to prevent the unsanitary and hazardous practices mentioned in The Jungle from happening. However, before Upton Sinclair’s novel was published few were already recognizing the ethical and nutritional (in this time period) hazards that happenedRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 Pagesin the same bed until her death. * * 5.04Upton Sinclair Respond to the following in complete, well-developed sentences. 1. Upton Sinclair was called a muckraker. How did Sinclair muckrake for social reform? Upton Sinclair â€Å"muckrake† for social reform, by reporting the horrible conditions women, men, and children were working in, he dedicated himself to uncovering the ill conditions of the meat industries. 2. Sinclair was convinced .... through art one could cause change.

Diversified companies advantages n disadvantages free essay sample

Diversified companies: A company that has multiple, unrelated businesses. Unrelated businesses are those which require unique management expertise, have different end customers and produce different products or provide different services. -Some of the most well-known diversified companies include Hitachi, Toshiba and Lotte Group – which consists of over 60 business units, engaged in such diverse industries as candy manufacturing, hotels, fast food, retail, financial services, heavy chemicals, electronics, IT, publishing, and entertainment. Or in Vietnam: Hoang Anh Gia Lai group which start up as small furniture producer then the company diversified into other industries such as: rubber, football financial.. -Advantages: †¢One of the benefits of being a diversified company is that it buffers a company from dramatic fluctuations in any one industry sector †¢Companies that are diversified are more likely to see connections between different markets that can be exploited, for example, because they are active in multiple markets and they track trends carefully. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversified companies: advantages n disadvantages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diversification can also allow a company to keep up with changing market dynamics more quickly. -Disadvantages: †¢Diversification has the highest level of risk and requires the most careful investigation. Going into an unknown market with an unfamiliar product offering means a lack of experience in the new skills and techniques required. Therefore, the company puts itself in a great uncertainty. This model is also less likely to enable stockholders to realize significant gains or losses because it is not singularly focused on one business. -Because of the high risks explained above, many companies attempting to diversify have led to failure. However, there are a few good examples of successful diversification: †¢Walt Disney moved from producing animated movies to theme parks and vacation properties †¢Canon diversified from a camera-making company into producing an entirely new range of office equipment.