Environmental Issues that impact the Western United States Research Paper

Natural Issues that sway the Western United States - Research Paper Example America is one of the noticeable atomic forces on the planet and its atomic force plants are creating colossal atomic squanders which are dumped into oceans. Additionally, the manures, synthetic compounds and pesticides used to improve the farming yields, are dirtying the dirt and water. Western United States is an area which is confronting large ecological issues because of visionless mechanical and horticultural strategies. This paper quickly investigations the ecological issues of Western America and gives a few proposals to beat it. Natural issues in western America Mining is one of the significant exercises which cause serious ecological issues in Western America. Mining began in America in the nineteenth century and western America is an area which is honored with valuable metals like gold and minerals. The gold rush in the nineteenth century brought about the development of rail, streets and other transportation means and a considerable lot of the normal backwoods were decimat ed. A portion of the urban areas like Denver and Sacramento developed as mining towns during this period. Tainting of soil and water, disintegration, obliteration of biodiversity and so forth were the results of dash for unheard of wealth or mining. Mining is a procedure which requires the utilization of parcel of synthetic concoctions to filter the metals and minerals mined out of the dirt. These synthetic concoctions regularly contaminate the dirt and water. A perusing study led by the Western Governors' Association Mine Waste Task Force (1) gathered the accompanying measurements on inert and surrendered mines (IAMs) by state: Arizona - 80,000 IAM locales covering 136,653 sections of land, contamination 200 miles of surface conduits. California - 2,484 IAM locales, 1,685 mine openings, and 578 miles of contaminated streams. Colorado - 20,299 mine openings and 1,298 miles of influenced streams. Idaho - 27,543 sections of land influenced by IAMs. Missouri - 7,655 IAM locales coverin g 48,175 sections of land, with 109 miles of influenced streams. Montana - 20,000 IAM locales covering 153,800 sections of land, with 1,118 miles of stream harm. New Mexico - 25,320 sections of land and 69 miles of stream influenced by IAMs. Oklahoma - 26,453 sections of land influenced by IAMs. Utah - 25,020 sections of land influenced by IAMs, with 83 miles of contaminated streams. Of this all out volume, roughly 85 percent is credited to copper, iron metal, uranium, and phosphate mining and related exercises. Roughly one-portion of the waste produced is mining waste and 33% is tailings, with the equalization comprising of dump/load filtering squanders and mine water (Durkin and Herrmann, n. d) Even however mine waste issues influence the earth from numerous points of view, corrosive mine seepage is the most major issue emerges because of mining. Mine squanders may take part in genuine substance responses with different components present in soil, rock water and so on. For instanc e, the significant constituent of rock is ferrous sulfide which could be oxidized to shape hydrogen particle when mine squanders respond with it within the sight of water. Since hydrogen particles can without much of a stretch respond with water to shape various sorts of acids, and in this way the acridity of the dirt would be expanded a great deal. Acids can respond with various sorts of metals and components present in soil and water. In different universes, when the corrosiveness increments in the dirt, part of undesirable or toxic materials can be created. To put it plainly, mining by implication contaminate the water and the dirt close to the mining territories. The horticulture in Western United States for the most part depends

Preditory Business Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preditory Business Practice - Essay Example The awful thing with ruthless loaning that the borrower is left at a major monetary weakness, and this much of the time winds up upsetting their money related and financial soundness. The way that these terrible credits are given to such huge numbers of individuals imply that when these individuals are monetarily upset, the economy toward the end will endure (Moses, 2010). There is a discussion of who should convey the fault and bear the duty with respect to such advances. Truly the credit originators utilize forceful and now and then strategies that outskirt the illicit practices to have the option to draw the borrowers. A great many people don't have an inside comprehension of how funds work and if the moneylenders will not uncover all the ramifications of the agreement that a client goes into when taking such a credit the borrower can cut off up going into a ruthless association. The advance may look appealing to the borrower while actually it is extremely hurtful and it will in the end place them at a state of hindrance. Be that as it may, both the borrower and the bank can be seen has bearing some degree of sensibility when such a credit ends up being a savage advance. The moneylenders or the originators of these sorts of credits should bear some obligation in that they cheat the client to believe that the advance will be easy to pay off and that it will leave them at a bit of leeway. A large portion of these subprime banks don't consider the customer’s premium when giving such advances however rather just search for approaches to profit them. Much of the time, it is the credit specialists who advantage the most, some of the time considerably more that even the loan specialists themselves. In such a case, they need to hold up under the duty regarding not completing reasonable business exercises. In the event that a connection between a bank (or an advance originator) can be supposed to be an agreement, at that point the moneylenders may need to hold up under a portion of the

Saint Mark’s Basilica

Holy person Mark’s Basilica, which can be found in Venice Italy, has been viewed as the most significant church in the said district since the early Christian time frame. In any case, it was distinctly in 1807 when the said basilica turned into the official house of prayer of Venice, supplanting the Church of San Pietro di Castello. Because of its momentous and credible structure, Saint Mark’s Basilica is noted as one of Europe’s generally brilliant and capricious church buildings. As it was stated, no guest or pioneer can stay impartial about the predefined basilica once went up against by it (Belford, Dunford, Andrews, and Woolfrey). In any case, there are other people who are befuddled once the subtleties of the basilica come into point of view. Regardless of whether it might seem awesome or not, investigating the building’s history would help in understanding its unconventionalities and would likewise reveal insight into its jobs in strict confidence and its commitments on the governmental issues and renown of Venice. The Story of the Basilica Situated at the core of Venice, Italy, Saint Mark’s Cathedral has for some time been perceived as the main portrayal of the Venetian confidence and political journal. Sufficiently genuine, such adherence to their strictness is an aftereffect of the congregation and government’s hold onto of Christianity as the main power behind the cathedral’s foundation and the characteristic of strictness among its residents. From the past until the present, the Venetian government’s proverb â€Å"Prima di tutto Venziani, poi Cristiani,† which, when interpreted in English, implies â€Å"First over all Venetians, at that point Christians,† is considered as the characterizing component of the Venetian living since it broadly speaks to the subjection of the congregation to the state, yet the religion keeps up its control over the republic as a result of its capacity to speak to the people’s convictions. Venetians accept that Venice is God’s picked city wherein he imbued his effortlessness through the guide of their supporter holy person, Saint Mark the Evangelist (Bershad, Mangone, and Hexham 205). The solid connection that ties the otherworldly confidence and administration of Venice had its underlying foundations from the rich history of the famous Saint Mark’s Basilica and the legends encompassing the interment of Saint Mark’s body in the said structure. The Legends Three prominent legends were said to be liable for the ascent of Saint Mark’s Cathedral as a strict portrayal of the people’s confidence and the power behind Venice’s political exhibit: The â€Å"praedestinato† (predestinate), â€Å"translatio† (interpretation), and the â€Å"inventio† (creation). Praedestinato claims that while lecturing all through Italy, Saint Mark, together with his buddy, made a stop at the Venetian tidal ponds and framed a quick bond with the individuals inside the region. After coming back to Rome, Saint Mark and his partner experienced a tempest driving them to looked for transitory sanctuary in the Venetian tidal pond. In his condition of rest, a holy messenger came to Saint Mark and let him know â€Å"Pax tibi, Marcae. Hic requiescet corpus tuum† or â€Å"Peace Mark. Here your body will rest. The holy messenger likewise educated Mark that eventually ever, the pilgrims in Venice would construct his entombment spot around there, in such a case that they do God will be giving them graces through Saint Mark’s mediation. With the given viewpoint it is accepted that Christianity came to fruition in Venice through Saint Mark (Bershad, Mangone and Hexham 205-206). The founder’s of Venice were said to have been strikingly convinced by th e possibility of the city’s consecrated appointment through the mediation of Saint Mark’s body. Subsequently, so as to satisfy the predefined radiant prescience, it was said that Saint Mark’s body was taken from Alexandria and was brought to Venice. This story at that point envelops the subsequent legend, the â€Å"translatio. † According to the legend, the burglary of Saint Mark’s body happened in 828. Venetian boats were passed over course and discovered Alexandria. An anonymous priest and a minister were individuals from the congregation that housed the remaining parts of Saint Mark. The two heavenly men were gotten to know by two Venetian dealers named Bruno da Malamocco and Rustico da Torcello. In one occasion, the Muslims inside the Alexandrian district took steps to obliterate the congregation where Saint Mark’s body can be found. Henceforth, such danger shot Malamocco and Torcello to take the Saint’s body and carried it to Venice to introduce it to the doge, the chosen leader of the province of Venice and Genoa (Bershad, Mangone, and Hexham 206). It is qualified to take note of that back then, relics were viewed as incredible articles that fill in as unifiers for social and financial substances since they pull in the two travelers and vendors the same. Thusly, relics were totally invited, and that of Saint Mark was exceptionally respected as a result of the main legend that encompasses the patron’s intercession’s saw beauty. With the introduction of the obtained relic of Saint Mark to Doge Giustiniano Particiaco, the blessing giving framed the lasting relationship between the profound and political domains of Venice (Bershad, Mangone and Hexham 206). As per legend, not long after the appearance of Saint Mark’s relics in 829, the main structure of the Saint Mark’s Basilica was appointed. Displayed from the congregation of the 12 Apostles in Constantinople, the altar of Saint Mark was then sanctified in 832. The third and last legend, the â€Å"inventio† or the spirit didn't occur until 1094. During 976, an uprising against the doge caused an incredible fire that destroyed the Palazzio (Ducale Palace) and the congregation that housed Saint Mark’s relics. In spite of the fact that the ensuing church was modified just after the episode, the relics of the benefactor holy person stayed lost until 1094 in spite of various hunts. A doge requested a quick that tried the citizens’ devotion and dutifulness. On the third day of the quick, a marvel occurred. The apparition of Saint Mark was said to have showed up and filled the congregation with a sweet fragrance. By then, the basilica was sanctified, and Saint Mark’s body was at last let go. The â€Å"inventio† was noted to have consolidated the strict and community esteems among the Venetian’s on the grounds that it is accepted that directly after the past legends; God had given the Venetians their political position. By supplanting their previous supporter Saint Theodore, who has a representative connect to the Byzantium, to Saint Mark, it is said that the Venetians at long last obtained their opportunity from the Byzantium (Bershad, Mangone, and Hexham 207). Holy person Mark’s Basilica: Religious and Political Significance Over the course of the basilica’s history, the building assumed noteworthy jobs both in the amassing of Venice’s political ability and strict viewpoint. San Marco filled in as the reflection of Venice’s expanding force and fearlessness. In spite of the fact that at first made out of an extra block building demonstrated to a Byzantine structure, the basilica turned into a milestone that was totally and complicatedly point by point of sumptuous adornment which was gotten from the gifts of the reliable. As Venice accomplished its authority inside the Mediterranean territory, the city turned out to be notable as the area of the region’s most confession booth place of worship, stamping Venice as the city liberated from the self-rule of any remote impact (McGregor). As Saint Mark’s basilica turned into a significant building to the entire city, a tutelary church which speaks to both the collective and the network, it has then become the addition of the express, a road where legislative issues and religion meet (Jones). During its prior stage, the doge was chosen at the Ducal Palace and was then introduced to the residents from the Saint Mark Basilica’s right hand platform, which later on, upon the doge’s residency, would turn out to be only his (Procuratoria di San Marco Venezia). Back in the previous piece of the basilica’s improvement, the head of state was progressively contributed through semi-sacral forces. Henceforth, dogeship turned into a productive and noble piece of the constitution, along these lines setting the doge in the position that outranks the religious administrators and the patriarch. Under the standard of Saint Mark and under the initiative of the doge, the state at that point turned into a mainstream church which had their own conventions, iconography and dining experience days, empowered the individuals to rehearse energy and devotion, and regarded sway as a heavenly belonging (Jones). Holy person Mark’s Basilica, being the state church, additionally filled in as a road for the city’s official functions. A portion of the eminent functions that occurred in the basilica were the gift of the officers, the 1177 Peace of Venice, 1201 gathering of Saint Mark’s crusaders from all of Europe that were going to withdraw to Holy Land to request insurance and awesome guide, and the 1377’s doge’s award of administration to guard the city routed to Vettor Pisani. Other than these, Saint Mark’s Basilica was likewise considered as the meeting for supplication among the Venetians during snapshots of extraordinary agony, for example, the 1576 democratic of building the sanctuary of Christ the Redeemer, 1630’s petition of intercession for the vote to fabricate a sanctuary for the virgin so as to liberate the city from plagues, and finally during the finish of Venice’s freedom in 1797. The Basilica was likewise a reference point, for some shippers and mariners that ventured via land and ocean contributed in keeping the building a stupendous sign of confidence and a declaration of Venice’s significance by giving out valuable endowments, workmanship fortunes and marbles, which are as yet clear today (Procuratoria di San Marco Venezia). twelfth of May 1797, the soldiers of Napoleon attacked the city of Venice. For the previous explanation, Saint Mark’s basilica’s rule a

Federal vs. State Policy Comparison - 1100 Words

Federal vs. State Policy Comparison (Essay Sample) Content: Federal vs. State Policy ComparisonName:Subject:Date of Submission IntroductionState and Federal criminal justice systems have one goal (to tackle crime), but they also have differences. This is highlighted by the fact that State and Federal agencies have different jurisdictional powers that provide checks and balances to ascertain effective performance in the system. The term criminal justice system could be elucidated as a collection of local, state, and federal public bureaus that handle issues related to crime. It is notable that the system has different aspects that facilitate its existence and operation. This owes to the reality that development and implementation of the criminal justice policy are some of the important aspects in the system. Clearly, it is crucial for scholars and practitioners in the legal profession to understand the similarities and differences in the criminal justice system of State and Federal agencies. Therefore, this paper compares and c ontrasts the development and implementation of criminal justice policy between the Federal and State governments.The Development of Criminal Justice Policy Federal and state criminal justice systems perform similar functions, which include punishing offenders, trying cases, and enforcing laws. However, the criminal justice systems in state and federal governments have similarities and differences. For instance, the state and federal criminal justice systems are similar because special bodies are tasked with the duty of enacting criminal laws. As an evidence of this, Dunn (2008, p: 138) argues that State Legislatures are responsible for developing state criminal justice policies while the congress has a duty of developing federal criminal justice policies. Nonetheless, 50 states exist in America. Therefore, there are fifty different agencies tasked with the responsibility of making state criminal justice policies while national criminal justice policies are made by the congress. Cons equently, federal criminal laws apply equally in all states while state criminal laws differ from one state to another. Implementing Criminal Justice PolicyAccording to Marion and Oliver (2006, n.p), law enforcement agencies, courts, and correctional institutions have a responsibility of implementing criminal justice policies in both State and Federal governments. It is imperative that the similarities and differences of these institutions will be discussed separately.Law EnforcementLaw enforcement agencies are the primary institutions that implement criminal and justice policies. This owes to the fact that the American government has approximately 17,000 public law enforcement agencies (Siegel and Bartollas, 2014 p: 298). These agencies comprise of both federal and state law enforcement agencies, which have similarities. For instance, both agencies have different subdivisions within them. This owes to the reality that the state police are divided into municipal policies, county pol ice, and local police. In contrast, federal criminal law is implemented by institutions such as the drug enforcement agency, the federal bureau of investigation, homeland security among others. It is critical that federal law enforcement agencies make up 70 of the public law enforcement agencies in America (Siegel and Bartollas, 2014, P: 298) while the rest of the 17,000 comprise of state public law agencies.The main difference between federal law enforcement agencies and state law enforcement agencies is that federal agencies operate nationally while state agencies operate within states. Therefore, federal employees can traverse across states when working while state police are limited to working within their states. Additionally, Siegel and Bartollas (2014: 299) argue that state agencies that enforce the law must maintain order and keep peace. Nonetheless, federal agencies can extend their duties beyond maintaining order and peacekeeping. For instance, some agencies are dedicated to improving the lives of American citizens by contributing to their wellbeing. Another difference between state and federal law enforcement is that some federal agencies have very few responsibilities. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court Police provide investigative and protective services for American Supreme Courts. In contrast, all states have tremendous duties.CourtsCourts are also involved in the implementation of federal and state criminal justice policies. As a result, both state and federal courts are divided into different sections. As an evidence of this, Baum (2013, p: 98) argues that state courts are divided into trial courts with general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate courts, and trial courts with limited jurisdiction. Analogously, federal courts are divided into district courts, supreme courts, special courts and the American circuit of courts of appeal. It follows that the existence of courts of appeal in both federal and state governments allows conflicting pa rties to appeal for higher courts to listen to their case. This is highlighted by the fact that courts of appeal hear appealed cases in the federal government while intermediate courts of appeal listen to appealed cases from state governments.Like law enforcement agencies, federal courts have national jurisdiction while state courts have state jurisdiction. It is also notable that Article III of the American constitution gives judicial power to the federal court system. It also empowers the congress with an ability to from lower federal courts. In contrast, state laws are responsible for the formation of state courts. Thus, different states form their courts based on the state judicial laws. According to Baum (2013, p: 98), another difference between federal and state courts is about the type of cases handled by federal and state courts. This is enhanced by the fact that federal courts handle matters such as bankruptcy and cases involving the government. In comparison, state courts handle cases such as family cases and traffic cases. Correctional InstitutionsPrisons and correction...

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Analysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle - 2028 Words

â€Å"I aimed for the public’s hearts, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.† This quote was in response to the reaction of Upton Sinclair’s ground breaking exposà ©, â€Å"The Jungle†. On February 26, 1906 Sinclair shocked the Nation by exposing the horrors of slaughter houses and meat packing plants. Thousands of people have died from food-borne illnesses. E-coli, along with other diseases resulting from filthy food processing was revealed as the murderer. As shocking as it might have been back then, it is even more alarming to find out that conditions have not improved in the last one hundred nine years. Food-borne illnesses are still an extremely common occurrence. People should not have to worry about whether their purchased food, food that was â€Å"approved† by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is safe to eat. Consumers shouldn’t have to worry about tainted or dirty meat. Cleaner meat packing facilities and stricter meat regulation on the part of the USDA should be a standard. Eating a burger should not have to be a life or death situation. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat will be shoveled into carts and the man who did the shoveling will not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one. (Sinclair â€Å"The Jungle†). When it comes to having safe and approved food, our esteemed nation does not have the greatest reputation. Ever since the use of slaughter houses and meat packing plants began, people have been getting severely ill and even dyingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle 811 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most famous muckrakers was Upton Sinclair. He was best known for publishing The Jungle which uncovered the atrocities of the meat packing industry. He was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Throughout his upbringing, he was able to experience the way both the poor and rich lived because of his parents and grandparents, respectiv ely. He later went on to study law at the university level but stopped in order to work on his writing. Upton Sinclair disguised himself and went undercoverRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1989 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Haitians. Upton Sinclair seemed to have a similar view of the Lithuanian immigrants of the 1800s. Upton Sinclair is the author of The Jungle, a book that follows a family of Lithuanian immigrants as they travel to and try to make their way in America. Sinclair used the book to speak out about the issues of America through the eyes of immigrants, including the economic system and the corruption within the government. The question this paper is required to answer is if Upton Sinclair adequately portrayedRead MoreThe Jungle : Social Criticism And Realism1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jungle, due to its strong social criticism and realism in portrayal of social issues evident in the given period of time, put Sinclair at the center of radical social movement that was held by its members to resist the acceleration of total capitalism in early 20th century in America, the period that was identified as the â€Å"Progressive Era.† The main purpose of those movements was aimed at bringing the awareness of public through literature about the dominance of political elites who gained aRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States3647 Words   |  15 Pagescapitalistic businesses of the time period. One muckraker, Upton Sinclair, proposed the solution of a socialist society for America in his book, The Jungle, in order to destroy the power given to large, private businesses. This essay will first provide background information about the corruption in America’s capitalist system, the concept of the American Dream, and Upton Sinclair. The essay will then provide a brief summary of Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, which was written to criticize the concept of theRead MoreJungle Paper, Social Justice4076 Words   |  17 PagesIMPRESSIONS OF THE JUNGLE FROM A SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE Impressions of the Jungle From a Social Justice Perspective The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Sherree Boyce Lehman College Author Note This paper was prepared for Social Welfare Institutions and Program, SWK, 639, Section 81, taught by Professor Yvonne Johnson The novel, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair depicts the lives of poor immigrants in the United States during the early 1900’s. Sinclair is extremely effectiveRead More Sinclair Lewis and Babbitt2178 Words   |  9 PagesSinclair Lewis and Babbitt      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book under analysis herein is Sinclair Lewis Babbitt.   The copy I am using in this research is published by Harcourt, Brace World, Inc., New York, 1950.   The original version was published in 1922, but there is no information in this book regarding what printing or edition it may be.   This edition encompasses thirty four chapters which span 401 pages in length as they are printed here.   One interesting note is that the novel is dedicated to Edith WhartonRead MoreImmigrant Worker Ethics Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesrecommendations of the HRW. I will provide my opinion and consider some of the utilitarian and deontological considerations, and conclude this report with a brief summary of the entire analysis, highlighting some of the most significant parts that the report contains HISTORY â€Å"In 1906, Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle uncovered harrowing conditions inside Americas meat packing plants and initiated a period of transformation in the nations meat industry. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the FederalRead MoreThe Period Between Reconstruction And World War I1811 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans to be an American and the dynamic between the American individual and American society. The differing answers to these questions created both divisions and unifications between different races, classes, and political parties. Through careful analysis of historical documents from the period, it is evident that society owes all individuals basic civil rights and the ability to make a living through harnessing their skills in the workplace. Conversely, the individual owes society work that benefitsRead MoreEssay about Negative Stereotypes of Vegetarianism2617 Words   |  11 Pagesof time it was considered a staple for some. However, meat eaters started to pay attention t o what they were consuming once Upton Sinclair’s famous novel The Jungle was published in the early 1930’s. It drew so much attention that the Pure Food and Drug Act passed to prevent the unsanitary and hazardous practices mentioned in The Jungle from happening. However, before Upton Sinclair’s novel was published few were already recognizing the ethical and nutritional (in this time period) hazards that happenedRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 Pagesin the same bed until her death. * * 5.04Upton Sinclair Respond to the following in complete, well-developed sentences. 1. Upton Sinclair was called a muckraker. How did Sinclair muckrake for social reform? Upton Sinclair â€Å"muckrake† for social reform, by reporting the horrible conditions women, men, and children were working in, he dedicated himself to uncovering the ill conditions of the meat industries. 2. Sinclair was convinced .... through art one could cause change.

Diversified companies advantages n disadvantages free essay sample

Diversified companies: A company that has multiple, unrelated businesses. Unrelated businesses are those which require unique management expertise, have different end customers and produce different products or provide different services. -Some of the most well-known diversified companies include Hitachi, Toshiba and Lotte Group – which consists of over 60 business units, engaged in such diverse industries as candy manufacturing, hotels, fast food, retail, financial services, heavy chemicals, electronics, IT, publishing, and entertainment. Or in Vietnam: Hoang Anh Gia Lai group which start up as small furniture producer then the company diversified into other industries such as: rubber, football financial.. -Advantages: †¢One of the benefits of being a diversified company is that it buffers a company from dramatic fluctuations in any one industry sector †¢Companies that are diversified are more likely to see connections between different markets that can be exploited, for example, because they are active in multiple markets and they track trends carefully. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversified companies: advantages n disadvantages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diversification can also allow a company to keep up with changing market dynamics more quickly. -Disadvantages: †¢Diversification has the highest level of risk and requires the most careful investigation. Going into an unknown market with an unfamiliar product offering means a lack of experience in the new skills and techniques required. Therefore, the company puts itself in a great uncertainty. This model is also less likely to enable stockholders to realize significant gains or losses because it is not singularly focused on one business. -Because of the high risks explained above, many companies attempting to diversify have led to failure. However, there are a few good examples of successful diversification: †¢Walt Disney moved from producing animated movies to theme parks and vacation properties †¢Canon diversified from a camera-making company into producing an entirely new range of office equipment.